In the rich tapestry of spiritual history, few figures shine as brightly as Ramdas, a name synonymous with saintly wisdom and devotion. Born in 1608 A.D. in Jamb, Maharashtra, to Suryaji Panth and Renuka Bai, Ramdas was originally named Narain. His life story, embedded deeply in the cultural and spiritual heritage of India, presents a fascinating journey of faith, dedication, and enlightenment.

Ramdas was not just a solitary beacon of spirituality; he was a contemporary of Sant Tukaram, another revered figure in the spiritual realm. Their lives, overlapping in time, painted a vivid picture of devotion during a period rich in religious fervor. What set Ramdas apart was his profound devotion to Hanuman and Lord Rama. This dedication was not a gradual development; it was a deeply ingrained part of his being from a very young age. Remarkably, it is said that he had the Darshan of Lord Rama even as a boy, an experience that is considered immensely auspicious and transformative in Hindu spirituality. The very Lord Rama Himself initiated Ramdas, marking a pivotal moment in his spiritual journey.

As a child, Ramdas showed an unusual inclination towards the divine. He absorbed knowledge from the Hindu scriptures with a voracious appetite, developing a strong penchant for meditation and religious studies. This was not a mere casual interest; it was a deep, soulful engagement with the divine mysteries. One day, in a display of early spiritual commitment, he secluded himself in a room, diving deep into meditation. His focus: to meditate on God. When his mother, curious about her son's activities, inquired about what he was doing, Ramdas’s response was both profound and touching. He said he was "meditating and praying for the good of the world". This statement, coming from a young boy, left his mother both surprised and delighted. It was clear that Ramdas was no ordinary child; his spiritual inclination was both precocious and deeply sincere.

Yet, it was at the tender age of twelve that Ramdas’s spiritual journey took a dramatic turn. In those times, it was customary to arrange marriages at a young age. Thus, arrangements were made for Ramdas's marriage, a societal norm he was expected to follow. The ceremony was set, and he was placed in front of his bride, with only a screen separating the young couple. But destiny had other plans for Ramdas. At the crucial moment, when the priests chanted "Sawadhan!" (be alert), a pivotal moment in the ceremony, Ramdas made a decision that would define the rest of his life. In an act of astonishing resolve and clarity of purpose, he bolted away from the marriage venue and vanished in the blink of an eye.

Ramdas's twelve-year sojourn at Nasik, a city cradling the sacred Godavari river, reflects a life deeply immersed in spiritual practices and study. 

Every morning, in the serene pre-dawn hours, Ramdas would embrace a routine that exemplified his devotion. He would wade into the Godavari river, immersing himself halfway into its holy waters. Here, amidst the gentle flow of the river, he would recite the sacred Gayatri Mantra until around noon. This mantra, considered one of the most powerful in Hinduism, was not just a recitation for Ramdas; it was a profound communion with the divine.

Following his morning rituals, Ramdas adhered to the age-old tradition of seeking alms. The food he gathered was not merely for sustenance. In an act symbolizing devotion and surrender, he first offered this food to his deity, Sri Rama, and only then did he partake of it as Prasad, a sacred offering. This act was not just about feeding the body; it was a ritual of feeding the soul, of acknowledging the divine as the ultimate source of nourishment.

Ramdas's days were not only spent in ritualistic practices but also in enriching his mind and spirit. He attended religious discourses at various temples in Nasik and Panchavati. This pursuit of knowledge was complemented by his study of Sanskrit, a language considered sacred and profound. His dedication to learning was so intense that he hand-copied the Ramayana of Valmiki, a monumental epic in Hindu literature. This manuscript, a testament to his scholarly devotion, is still preserved, treasured in the collection of Sri S.S. Dev of Dhubliah.

One of the most significant spiritual endeavors undertaken by Ramdas was the Purascharana of the Rama Mantra - "Sri Ram Jaya Ram Jaya Jaya Ram". This mantra, consisting of thirteen letters, was recited thirteen lakh times by Ramdas at Tafali, near Nasik, on the banks of the Godavari. This intense practice was not just a feat of endurance; it was a deep, meditative journey into the heart of divinity. Following this extraordinary penance, Ramdas once again had the Darshan of Lord Rama. In a divine directive, Ramachandra, the embodiment of Lord Rama, instructed Ramdas to visit sacred places like Nasik, Haridwar, Kasi, and others, a journey that would further his spiritual mission.

A miraculous event in Ramdas's life further underscored his spiritual prowess. He once sprinkled holy water over a dead body while uttering the name of Rama, a ritual that astonishingly restored the dead body to life. This act was not a mere display of spiritual power; it was necessitated by a promise Ramdas had made to a grieving woman who had just lost her husband.

Pilgrimage

Ramdas, harmoniously embodied the paths of Advaita (non-dualism) and Bhakti (devotion). His spiritual journey was marked not only by deep religious fervor but also by an inclusive and embracing outlook. He held a profound respect for all religions and nations, transcending the barriers often created by religious differences. His primary mission was to spread Hinduism throughout India, yet he did so with a spirit of respect and universality.

Interestingly, Ramdas had not been aware of the existence of Pandharpur, an eminent holy site in Maharashtra, celebrated for its association with Lord Krishna, revered as Panduranga Vittal. The story of how he came to visit Pandharpur is as mystical as it is inspiring. As per tradition, Lord Panduranga Vittal, disguised as a Brahmin leading a group of three hundred pilgrims, appeared before Ramdas. The Lord, in this guise, posed a question to Ramdas, asking if he had any objections to seeing Lord Krishna. Ramdas, true to his inclusive spiritual nature, expressed no hesitance. Following this, Panduranga guided Ramdas to Pandharpur. Upon reaching the temple, the Brahmin vanished, revealing to Ramdas that it was none other than the Lord himself who had led him to this sacred place.

In the temple, Ramdas encountered a sight that deeply moved him. He saw Sri Rama standing alone on a brick. Overwhelmed with emotion, Ramdas addressed the deity, inquiring about the absence of key figures from the Ramayana - Lakshmana, Sita Mata, Maruti (Hanuman), and the monkey warriors. At that very moment, in a miraculous transformation, the image of Sri Rama became Sri Pandarinath. This divine transformation was not just a visual spectacle; it was a profound spiritual revelation for Ramdas. He realized that the various forms of the Lord were manifestations of the same divine essence. In a burst of devotional ecstasy, Ramdas praised Panduranga for this divine grace, prostrating before the deity and singing songs of joy.

The experience in Pandharpur was transformative for Ramdas. He became a devoted follower of Panduranga Vittal, frequently visiting and worshipping at the temple. It was here that Ramdas also encountered Tukaram and other saints, fostering a sense of community and shared devotion.

But Ramdas's pilgrimages were not just about personal spiritual enrichment. He was keenly observant of the social, political, and economic conditions of the Indian people. He saw their struggles and helplessness in life, which further fueled his mission.

The spiritual and historical narrative of Ramdas intertwines closely with the legendary figure of Shivaji, the founder of the Kingdom of Maharashtra and regarded as an incarnation of Lord Shiva. A significant directive in Ramdas's life came when Sri Rama, his divine inspiration, commanded him to journey to the banks of the Krishna River to support Shivaji's cause. Obedient to this divine order, Ramdas embarked on a mission that extended beyond mere spiritual teachings.

Traversing the landscape from Mahabaleshwar to Kolhapur, Ramdas engaged in preaching and spiritual guidance, but his influence was not limited to religious teachings alone. He established eleven principal seats of Maruti, emphasizing the importance of physical development along with spiritual growth. This approach underlined the balance between the physical and the spiritual, a concept often overlooked in traditional religious practices.

Further, Ramdas was instrumental in installing shrines dedicated to Sri Ramachandra at Champavati. He introduced significant cultural and religious practices like the Sri Rama Navami Mahotsava and the procession of Sri Rama’s chariot, which became cornerstone events in the religious life of the region. It was at Singanvadi that Shivaji, the great Maratha leader, became a disciple of Ramdas, marking a significant convergence of spiritual guidance and political leadership.

Shivaji's reverence for his Guru, Ramdas, was profound and symbolic. In a gesture of deep respect and acknowledgment of Ramdas's spiritual authority, Shivaji placed the sandals of his Guru on the throne. He ruled the kingdom as a regent under the guidance of Ramdas, adopting an orange flag as the ensign, a color deeply associated with Hindu spirituality and renunciation.

A captivating and romantic incident widely narrated in Maharashtra highlights the depth of the relationship between Shivaji and Ramdas. One day, from his palace terrace, Shivaji observed Ramdas walking in the streets with a begging bowl. Puzzled by this sight, especially since Shivaji had placed all his resources at the disposal of his Guru, he decided to address this enigma. Sadhus, with their unique and often inscrutable ways, are not always easy to comprehend. Shivaji wrote a small note and instructed his companion, Balaji, to deliver it to Ramdas.

When Ramdas visited the palace, Balaji presented the note, which conveyed Shivaji's gesture of offering his entire kingdom to his Guru and seeking his blessings. The next morning, Ramdas, in a move demonstrating his profound understanding and wisdom, questioned Shivaji about his plans now that he had relinquished his kingdom.

Upon being questioned by Ramdas about his future after offering his kingdom, Shivaji humbly prostrated himself before his Guru and expressed his desire to spend his life in the service of Ramdas. This gesture reflected Shivaji's deep devotion and respect towards his Guru. Embracing this moment, Ramdas invited Shivaji to accompany him on his rounds of begging, a practice common among Sadhus to inculcate humility and detachment from material possessions.

Together, Ramdas and Shivaji wandered through Satara, seeking alms. The sight of this pair – a revered saint and a respected king begging together – was a powerful image that commanded respect and reverence from the people. They responded with deep bows and offered alms generously. After completing their rounds, they returned to the river, where Ramdas prepared a simple meal. Shivaji partook of the leftovers, following the tradition of a disciple consuming the Guru’s Prasad (blessed food).

In a light-hearted yet profound exchange, Shivaji questioned Ramdas about his future now that he had been reduced to a beggar. Seizing this moment, Ramdas set forth a lofty ideal for Shivaji. He instructed Shivaji to rule the kingdom in Ramdas's name, to adopt the Gerua Chaddar (saffron-colored cloth) as his banner, and to defend its honor with his life. Ramdas emphasized that Shivaji should view the kingdom not as his personal possession but as a sacred trust to be governed justly and well, in the eyes of God. Thus, the adoption of the Gerua banner by Shivaji was not just a political decision but a deep spiritual commitment.

After these events, Ramdas spent several years visiting holy places of pilgrimage. He contributed significantly to the spiritual landscape of Maharashtra by erecting several temples dedicated to Hanuman, a deity symbolizing strength, devotion, and loyalty. These temples stand as enduring symbols of Ramdas's spiritual journey and influence.

Upon his return from the pilgrimage, Ramdas received news that deeply affected him. He learned that his mother, pining for him during his long absence, had lost her eyesight due to extreme sorrow. Demonstrating his deep familial affection and duty, Ramdas immediately went to see her. Upon meeting, he made prostrations to his mother, an act signifying deep respect and gratitude. His mother, overjoyed by the reunion, experienced another miracle. Through the Yogic power of her son, she regained her lost eyesight.

His Preachings and Life

Ramdas was known for his unconventional ways and profound teachings. To the external observer, his actions might have seemed eccentric, as he often appeared like a madman. One of his peculiar habits involved carrying a small bow and a collection of stones, which he would throw at various objects. This unconventional behavior, however, concealed a deeper spiritual message and was perhaps a way to detach himself from worldly perceptions and conventions.

Despite his seemingly eccentric behavior, Ramdas's spiritual teachings were deeply impactful. For those genuinely interested in his teachings, he imparted the powerful Mantra "Sri Ram Jaya Ram Jaya Jaya Ram". This mantra was not just a set of words; it was a profound tool for spiritual upliftment and a connection to the divine.

Ramdas's influence extended through his large group of disciples, numbering eleven hundred, including three hundred women. These women disciples were not only experts in preaching but were also paragons of virtue. This inclusion of women in his circle of disciples highlights Ramdas's progressive outlook, emphasizing the importance of women in spiritual and religious realms.

The reach of Ramdas's teachings and influence was vast. He sent his disciples across India to propagate the Hindu religion. This network of disciples and Mutts (monasteries) played a significant role in the socio-political landscape of the time. In the North, his disciples and Mutts provided direct or indirect support to Shivaji and his endeavors. In the South, particularly around Thanjavur, his organization assisted Shivaji's son, Rajaram, in continuing the Twenty Years’ War against Aurangazeb. This demonstrates how Ramdas's spiritual mission had a significant impact on the political and historical events of the era.

When Ramdas visited Thanjavur, he gained a prominent disciple in Venkoji, the step-brother of Shivaji. Recognizing the spiritual depth and leadership qualities of Venkoji, Ramdas appointed another one of his direct disciples, Bhimaswami, as the Mahant (head) of the Thanjavur Mutt. This appointment signifies the trust and responsibility Ramdas placed in his disciples to carry forward his teachings and the spiritual legacy.

Last Days

In the final chapter of his life, Ramdas chose the tranquility of the forest for his abode. He believed that the natural serenity of the forest enhanced his meditation, allowing for a deeper communion with the divine.

During his last days, Ramdas divided his time between literary pursuits and the methodical nurturing of his disciples and Mutts, both in the northern and southern parts of India. His literary contributions have had a lasting impact and continue to be celebrated for their depth and wisdom. Works like Dasabodh, Manache Shlok (verses addressed to the mind), Karunashtakas (hymns to God), and a version of the Ramayana focusing specifically on the conquest of Lanka and the defeat of Ravana, are widely regarded as spiritual treasures. These works are revered not just for their religious significance but also for their philosophical depth and practical wisdom.

Ramdas's dedication and perseverance in rejuvenating the Hindu religion in India were so profound that people honored him with the title "Samartha (all-powerful) Ramdas". This title was not just a mere accolade; it was a recognition of his immense contributions to the spiritual and cultural resurgence of Hinduism. His earthly journey concluded in 1682 at Sajjangad, near Satara. This fortress, gifted to him by Shivaji for his residence, became the final resting place of this great Guru of Maharashtra.

In his last moments, Ramdas remained immersed in spirituality, repeating the Rama Mantra. As he departed from this world, it is said that a dazzling light emanated from his body, symbolizing his union with the divine. According to accounts, Ramdas was absorbed in the image of Lord Rama, marking a mystical and profound end to his earthly existence.

Ramdas's final instructions to his disciples encapsulate the essence of his teachings and his life. He urged them to transcend bodily needs, engage in Satsang (company) with devotees, and keep the image of Lord Rama in their hearts. His emphasis on the constant repetition of Lord Rama's name, the eradication of negative qualities like lust, greed, anger, hatred, and egoism, and the recognition of the divine in all creatures, reflect the core principles of his spiritual philosophy. He advocated for universal love, the omnipresence of the divine, and living solely for God. His teachings culminate in the ultimate spiritual goal: total surrender to the divine, leading to immortality and eternal bliss. These teachings, passed down through generations, continue to guide and inspire, forming a legacy that transcends time and space.