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Hindus documented massacres for 1000s of years: Incomplete but indicative History of Attacks on India from 636 AD
Hindus have experienced both historical and ongoing religious persecution and systematic violence, in the form of forced conversions, documented massacres, demolition and desecration of temples, as well as the destruction of educational centres. While massive in scale, some of these events may need to be viewed in their historical context and relative impact.
Wounds of the past continue to haunt the people. Without understanding the past, one can never fully understand the present. Therefore, this is an attempt to see a brief history of attacks on India - all done by foreigners. The aggressive design against India initiated in 636-37 AD by the Arabs and later on carried further by the groups from the Middle East, has been continuing intermittently for centuries. These attacks started within 14 years of the birth of Islam in AD 622, and within 4 years of the death of the Prophet of Islam in AD 632.
The Godhra carnage of 27th February, 2002 is not a product of the Ayodhya movement, or the Babri mosque demolition on 6th December, 1992. There may be more Godhras in store. India has been bleeding from a thousand wounds. Belgium based world famous scholar, Dr. Koenraad Elst (b. 1959) has written: “You wouldn’t guess it from their polished convent-school English, their trendy terminology, or their sanctimoniousness, but the likes of Romila Thapar, Irfan Habib or Gyanendra Pandey have blood on their hands. The wave of Muslim violence after the Ayodhya demolition (and the boomerang of police repression and Shiv Sena retaliation) was at least partly due to the disinformation by supposed experts, who denied that the disputed building had a violent iconoclastic prehistory, and implied that Hindus can get away with concocted history in their attacks on innocent mosques. This disinformation gave Muslim militants the sense of justification needed to mount a ‘revenge’ operation and to mobilize Muslims for acts of violence.
Many Muslims genuinely believe that Islam spread in India due to Sufi saints and that Muslim rulers were tolerant or else the whole of India would have converted to Islam. Of course, this is wrong. Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) said: “Hindu population as quoted by Farishta, one of the earliest Muslim historians, was 60 crores (i.e. 600 million) and today we are only 20 crores (i.e. 200 million)”. Complete Works , Vol. 5, p. 233). Former editor of The Indian Express , Magsaysay award winner, and ex-Disinvestment Minister of India, Arun Shourie (1941-) also quoted Swami Vivekananda as saying this in an article written on 31 January 1993.
According to Wikisource this is also mentioned in a letter written by Swami Vivekananda to Miss Mary Hale on 30th October, 1899 recorded in his Complete Works, Volume 8, Epistles- Fourth Series CXLV.
Well-known historian, Dr. K. S. Lal (1920-2002) has written in his book Growth of Muslim Population in India that according to his calculations, the Hindu population in India declined by 80 million from AD 1000 to AD 1525, perhaps the biggest ever holocaust in human history. This does not mean a mere 80 million killings. Some estimates put the number of Hindus killed in India as 280 million while Swami Vivekananda opined that the number was more than 400 million (Hindus reducing from 60 crores to 20 crores). The point is, many Muslims even today believe themselves as victims and deny the crimes committed by Muslims against others. For example, a shockingly large number of Muslims including well-educated, well-to-do people genuinely believe that 9/11 attacks on USA were done by Jews to make USA target Muslims, or by the USA Government itself. Same is the case with Godhra and many other cases like 26/11, where many simply deny that Islamic fanatics did these crimes and genuinely believe it.
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan has compiled Indian history in 11 volumes and the project was financed by the Jawaharlal Nehru Government (who no one can ever accuse of being ‘communal’). The chief editor is world- famous historian, the late R.C. Majumdar (1888-1980), who was Vice-President of the International Commission set up by UNESCO for the history of mankind and is one of the most respected historians. The Volumes on Indian history are contributed by many eminent historians, including those from the then East Pakistan (Bangladesh) and West Pakistan. To see the past, we simply quote Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s The History and Culture of the Indian People . It is hoped that these authentic quotes make everyone (Indian Muslims included) realize the truth of Islam’s spread and atrocities on Hindus.
The chronology that follows is incomplete but indicative-
- 636 AD – Arabs attacked Thane, near Mumbai
- 643 AD – Arabs invaded Debol at the mouth of the Sindh
- 660 AD – Arabs invaded Sindh
- 661-680 AD – Arabs sent six expeditions against Sindh
- 661-680 AD – Arabs sent expeditions against Kabul and Zabul
- 685 AD – The Arabs killed the king of Zabul
- 699 AD – The Arabs ravaged Zabul
- 712 AD – Muhammad-bin-Qasim slaughtered many Hindus, killed King; Dahir and captured Sindh and gave settlement to 4000 Muslims
- 724-738 AD – The Arabs sent several expeditions against Gujarat, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Broach, Malava, Vallamandal, Ujjain
- 739 AD – The Arabs invaded Kathiawar
- 776 AD – The Arabs sent expedition against Barda, near Porbandar
- 948 to 963 AD – Alptigin of Ghazni plundered Punjab several times
- 977-997 AD – Subuktigin of Ghazni plundered Punjab several times and carried immense wealth and killed many Hindus and converted many Hindus of Peshawar. Jaipal was the King at that time.
- 998-1030 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni carried out several invasions, looted immense treasure, killed many Hindus and converted many Hindus
- 1000 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni seized some parts near Peshawar
- 1001 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked the kingdom of Jaipal, slaughtered many Hindus, captured Jaipal and collected 250000 dinars and 25 elephants as ransom
- 1004 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Bagi Ray’s kingdom Bhatiya, plundered Bhatiya and converted many Hindus, – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Anandapal; in a battle near Peshawar; Anandapal was defeated
- 1007 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Sukhapal and plundered 400000 dirhams
- 1008 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Anandapal. 20000 Hindus were killed. Bhimnagar (=Nagarkot=Kot Kangra) was laid waste and looted its treasury which consisted of 70,000,000 royal dirhams, 700400 mands of gold and jewellery precious stones; clothes and garments
- 1009 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Narayanpur in Rajputana, broke many idols, killed many Hindus and took booty
- 1010 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Multan and killed a large number of Hindus
- 1010 AD – Anandapal had to agree to send Mahmud of Ghazni annually 50 big elephants laden with valuables and 2000 men to serve the court of Ghazni
- 1011 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Thaneswar, plundered and broke a large number of idols
- 1013 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Nandana, killed many Hindus, captured booty and a host of elephants
- 1014 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Kashmir, took many Hindus as prisoners and converted many Hindus to Islam
- 1015 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Lokhot, a hill-fort in Kashmir
- 1018 AD
- Mahmud of Ghazni crossed the five rivers of Punjab and crossed Yamuna on 2 December 1018. The king of Baran (Bulandshahar) surrendered and paid 1,00,000 dirhams and 30 elephants.
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Mahaban in Mathura and killed nearly 5000 Hindus. The king Kulachand killed his wife first and then himself.
- Mahmud of Ghazni plundered Mathura and captured idols of pure gold weighing 98,300 miskals. The idols of silver numbered 200. He ordered to burn all temples and the houses. Mathura was pillaged for 20 days.
- Mahmud of Ghazni plundered Kanauj. King Rajyapal fled. The Hindus were slaughtered. Kanauj had 10,000 temples. The idols were destroyed.
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked and devastated Mung, near Kanpur. Many Hindus were killed and all valuables taken.
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Asni, near Fatehpur. Its ruler, Chandrapal, fled. The Hindus were slaughtered.
- 1019 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked plundered Sharva, near Saharanpur. Its ruler, Chand Rai, fled. The booty of gold, silver and pearls worth 30,00,000 dirhams and many elephants were captured. A large number of Hindus were taken as slaves and sold at Iraq’s Khurasan. In January 1019 Mahmud of Ghazni returned to Ghazni with 20,000,000 dirhams, 53,000 prisoners and 350 elephants.
- 1020 AD
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked the Chandella kingdom of Vidyadhar near Yamuna. The Hindu Sahi kingdom was completely ravaged. Vidyadhar and Trilochanpal fled.
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked and plundered Bari, the Pratihar capital. Bari was razed to the ground.
- Mahmud of Ghazni chased the Chandella King Vidyadhar. Vidyadhar fled. He captured a huge booty and 580 elephants.
- 1021 AD
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Qirat and Nur and forced the Hindu rulers to embrace Islam. Their temples and idols were destroyed.
- Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Lohkot, in Kashmir.
- 1021-22 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni again launched an attack on the Chandella Vidyadhar. He attacked Gwalior and Lakangara.
- 1024 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni started to attack the Somnath temple. On the way, he ravaged Ludrava, Anahillapataka, Mundur, Dewalwara etc. The Chalukya king Bhim I fled.
- 1025 AD – He reached Somnath in January 1025. More than 50000 Hindus were killed. The booty was worth 20,000,000 dirhams. The temple was razed to the ground.
- 1027 AD – Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Jats, killed thousands of them, plundered their wealth. He died in AD 1030.
- 1034 AD – Ahmad Niyaltigin plundered Banaras and carried away immense booty
- 1036 AD – Mahmud’s son Masud attacked Hansi, Sonpat and the kingdom of Ram Rai.
- 1178 AD – Muhammad Ghuri attacked Gujarat and plundered Nadol
- 1191 AD – Battle of Tarain. Ghuri attacked Prithviraj- and was routed
- 1192 AD – Second battle of Tarain. He again attacked Prithviraj. One lakh Hindu soldiers lost their lives. Prithviraj was killed. Temples were demolished. Ghuri left behind his fanatic general Qutubuddin Aibak to look after the affairs of India.
- 1193 AD – The battle of Chandawar. Muhammad Ghuri killed Jayachandra; plundered Asni and Banaras.
- 1194 AD -Qutubuddin Aibak ousted Hari Raj and captured Ajmer, demolished 27 temples
- 1195 AD -Muhammad Ghori attacked Bayana and Gwalior
- 1196 AD – Qutubuddin slaughtered 50,000 Rajputs and enslaved 20,000
- 1197 AD – Qutubuddin invaded Gujarat
- 1200 AD – Muhammad Khalji plundered Magadha; slaughtered Buddhist monks of Odantapuri Vihar
- 1205 AD – Qutubuddin and Muizzuddin in the battle between Jhelum and Chenab killed Khokars and enslaved many others
- 1233 AD -Iltutmish captured Bhilsa and plundered Ujjain
- 1296 AD -Alauddin Khalji invaded Devagiri of Maharashtra
- 1296 to 1316 AD – His discriminatory regulations ruined the Hindus
- 1305 AD – Alauddin invaded Malava
- 1309 AD – His general Malik Kafur invaded Warangal
- 1310 AD – Pandya kingdom invaded- immense booty and 250 elephants were captured
- 1325 AD – Muhammad Tughlaq ruined Kakatiya, Yadava, Hoysala and
- 1351 AD – Pandya dynasties of the South Nagaya Gauna, Harihar, Bukka were forced to embrace Islam
- 1361 AD -Firoz Tughlaq slaughtered nearly one lakh Hindus near the Chilka lake.
- 1362 AD – Muhammad Shah defeated Telangana king Vinayaka Deva and killed him with barbarous cruelty
- 1458 to 1511 AD – Mahmud Begarha held Hindus of Gujarat in thrall
- 1467 AD – He invaded and plundered Girnar
- 1469 AD – He attacked Junagadh and forced Mandalika to embrace Islam
- 1482 AD – Malik Sudha killed many Hindus of Champaner
- 1483 AD – Mahmud Begarha plundered Champaner and killed and converted Hindus
- 1527 AD – Babur defeated Rana Sangram and killed him and Rajputs
- 1528 AD – Babur defeated Medini Rai, killed Hindus in Chanderi
- 1565 AD – In Talikota, alliance of 4 Muslim kings defeated Vijaynagar king Rama Raya and thousands of Hindus were killed
- 1568 AD – The battle of Chitor: Akbar defeated the Rajputs and ordered massacre of 30,000 non-combatant Hindus
- 1663 AD – The Bijapur Sultan plundered Tirucherapalli
- 1665 AD – Aurangazeb imposed taxes on Hindu traders
- 1669 AD – He ordered demolition of schools and temples of Hindus. Many temples were demolished-including Kashi, Mathura and Patan Somnath
- 1679 AD – Aurangazeb reimposed jizyah tax on Hindus. Unable to pay this tax, many Hindus converted to Islam
- 1704 AD – Fifth attack on Anandpur by Vazir Khan. Guru Govind Singh’s mother, brothers, followers were killed; his two sons bricked up alive in a fort wall and then beheaded because they refused to embrace Islam on 27 December 1704
- 1708 AD – Two Pathan Muslims stabbed Guru Govind Singh- he died soon
- 1715 AD – On Farukh-Siyar’s orders Abdur Samad Khan geared up to vanquish Sikh leader Banda. Many Sikhs were massacred
- 1716 AD – Banda was brutally killed (Details too horrific)
- 1739 AD – Nadir Shah of Persian entered Delhi. People of Delhi suffered terrible horrors. Their property looted, houses burnt, womenfolk raped, the men slaughtered. Three to four lakhs were killed, treasure worth 50 crores was plundered.
- 1748 AD – Ahmad Shah Abdali’s first invasion of India
- 1750 AD – His second invasion of India
- 1751 AD – His third invasion of India
- 1756 AD – His fourth invasion of India
- 1759 AD – His fifth invasion of India
- 1761 AD – His sixth invasion of India and the Third Battle of Panipat (on 14 Jan 1761) – in which the Hindus were crushed
- 1764 AD – His seventh invasion of India
- 1767 AD – His eighth invasion of India.
All these were foreigners’ attacks on India. But even after the end of the foreign Muslim rule and during the British rule there were numerous riots between Hindus and Muslims in India. In many of these riots before 1947 Hindus suffered far more than Muslims. Even Mahatma Gandhi had to acknowledge this. He is reported to have said:
“There is no doubt in my mind that in the majority of quarrels the Hindus come out second best. But my own experience confirms the opinion that the Mussalman as a rule is a bully, and the Hindu as a rule is a coward. I have noticed this in railway trains, on public roads, and in the quarrels which I had the privilege of settling. Need the Hindu blame the Mussalman for his cowardice? Where there are cowards, there will always be bullies…But I, as a Hindu, am more ashamed of Hindu cowardice than I am angry at the Mussalman bullying… “
The source quoted is “Hindu-Muslim Tension: Its Cause and Cure”, Young India , 29/5/1924; reproduced in M.K. Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Unity , p.35-36.
In 1921 in Malabar Moplahs committed horrible atrocities on Hindus, thousands were killed and thousands converted. In 1926 Swami Shraddhananda was murdered by a man named Abdul Rashid. And in 1946, on 16 August was the Direct Action Day of the Muslim League, and this saw the great Calcutta killings. At the same time, horrible Naokhali riots were also seen.
The past is, never ever, far from the present. Hindus suffered horribly at the hands of foreigners for many centuries. This is just a brief summary. The horrid, lurid details of these events will make one’s hair stand on end.
The world knows about the barbaric holocaust of 6,000,000 Jews by Hitler’s Nazi Germany during World War II, over 4 years between 1941 and 1945. Many such atrocities on Hindus got buried. Shocked? Yet, Hindus tolerate. How many (especially Hindus) know about the Hindu Genocide? Sadly, the answer is – Not many.
Naturally, the next question comes, why is that? How is that even possible? It is possible because these incidents were strategically erased. Nothing is a coincidence nor abrupt nor accidental. A dark strategic intention is behind all of it.
It changed the culture forever. Additionally, post-Gandhi-era Hindus were largely handicapped by the “Non-Violent” term. Hindus never attacked any country, nor forcibly converted people, nor proselytized, nor unnecessarily hurt anyone.
Hindus are not safe in their own land of India for 1000s of years.
When Hindus were killed in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, they took shelter in India. Some moved to foreign countries. Currently, a systemic campaign of attack has been launched by the globalists, Islamists, and communists against global Hindus. Frequently Hindus are killed, raped, converted (in some part of the geography). Although liberal-leftist media’s silence is disturbing, it certainly is not shocking. Nightmare, pain, torture, vilification, intimidation, sufferings, and terror continue for Hindus. Stunning distortion, massive bias and constant falsification of truth, and deliberate misinformation advanced to the current age. Ironically, you will seldom see anything positive about Hindus.
Where must Hindus go next, if Hindus are unable to live in their own land? How long Hindus must be killed and shamed as worthless-insignificant creatures?
Our ancestors, Hindus, were brilliant, intelligent, and educated; furthermore had vast inner knowledge of our existence. Spiritually Hindus are the toughest, built with a tremendous capacity of tolerance and the highest capabilities of acceptance. Hindus can bend and “get up” regardless of what is thrown at them.
“1000s of years of foreign invasion and epic loot of Sone Ki Chidiya (Golden Bird: from wealth to wisdom, from arts-agriculture-astrology to architecture, from spirituality-science to social construct, from Kohinoor to karma, from mathematics-medicine to music, from button to board games, from consciousness to creativity) took a mighty toll; and severely crushed and drowned Hindus and India into the abyss of poverty.”
It changed the culture forever. Additionally, post-Gandhi-era Hindus were largely handicapped by the “Non-Violent” term. Hindus never attacked any country, nor forcibly converted people, nor proselytized, nor unnecessarily hurt anyone. Violence was/ is never a daily/ weakly lesson for the Hindus, unlike other communities. Hindu temples do not teach Hindus to differentiate non-Hindus nor they advocate to commit heinous activities. Even speaking about the horrid incidents is colossally painful for the Hindus. Hence, Hindus do not usually speak about any atrocities that occurred on them and, sadly did not educate their next generation – this was the titanic failure of Hindus. It was/ is one of those peaceful (unspoken) principles of “Forget it and move on“. And…They said nothing. And, generations were kept out of the crucial knowledge.
Since the formation of ‘India’ with a new “border” drawn in 1947, under the socialist-communist and Islamist-pacifier political party, political elites elevated 5 Muslim education ministers, out of the first 9 education ministers. Out of the first 30 years of new Hindu India land, Muslims were placed as Education ministers for ~20 years. This happened on the land of Hindus, (and on the HINDUS) when the Muslims declared they could not live with Hindus, and Demanded and Divided our Hindu land, forcibly. And Hindus tolerated it (got killed on a grand scale in violent riots). And during those formative years of India, substantial efforts were placed (in all planes) to control the narrative to ensure, Hindu history is buried and the truth is hidden. Tactics such as eliminating history, hiding-lying-twisting facts, glorifying invaders, vilifying Hindus were exercised extensively to retain heavy control over the education system to keep Hindus in dark forever.
This perhaps played the heaviest role in shaping narratives and subverting Indian Hindu (Indic-Sanatana) culture.
Widespread politics of the education system certainly had an irreversible negatives effect on Hindus and India’s capabilities. The monumental level of appeasement of the minority to keep the communal harmony was placed on Hindus’ shoulders. Like it was always the Hindus’ responsibility to stay mum when Hindus were constantly getting the short end of the stick. It has been an age-old lopsided disastrous situation for Hindus, particularly a very long excruciatingly painful and agonizing period.
On top of that, the natural tendencies, individuality, and dharmik (spiritual and righteousness) nature of Hindus created a society with no organization.
Sporadic, decentralized, non-violent Hindus did not take to the streets and nor fought for their rights. Hindus were exploited, still are, by various special interest groups who are not in favor of Hindus, Hindu history, Hindu heritage.
For every 10 leftist anti-Hindu media outlets, there might be one 1 pro-Hindu outlet. That too, with no substantial outreach. Often ridiculed, attacked, shamed, intimidated, and threatened by the rest, these minuscule outlets have little to no impact. Cinema, writeups, music, arts, corporations, businesses (essentially, all industries) were gradually taken over by Islamists, atheists, and communist dictators’ agendas. Should this be tolerated any further? Is it even morally right to let bygones be bygones? Imagine, losing your home, family, and livelihood to invaders. This practically happened to Hindus.
Projected Change in Global Population between 2010 and 2050 |
Islamists have a tremendous influence on global politics. Today ~35% of countries are Islamic countries, the majority are Christian countries, some are Buddhist countries, in the world. Hindus and Buddhists are declining, Christians will remain the same, and Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. A great visual of world population by religion from 1800 to 2100 is created by Grain of Truth. A screenshot of the world population of 2100 is here (full graphic presentation of the above graph can be seen here. Islam is projected to surpass Christianity in 2070.
Projected Change in Global Population between 1800 and 2100 |
Hindus are 15.16% of the world’s population. With 1.16 billion Hindus globally, (the largest in India), Hindus are unable to defend the land, the culture, the history, and the heritage. Who is to blame for the Hindus’ pathetic condition today? Politics? Invasion? Islam? British? Communism? Secularism? Appeasement? Hindus’ tendencies? Lack of courage? Lack of organization? Lack of skills?
Regardless of what/ who is blamed, Hindus are in a terribly grave state. No Country. No Defence. No ability to defend the land, culture, community, faith, history, and heritage. No one even knows what Hindus went through. No One Cares. It is up to the Hindus to rise for one goal of defending Hindus and protecting the land of Hindus.
Pre-colonial India
Name/Place | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Massacre of Mathura | 1018 | Mahawan district, Mathura | 50,000 Hindus | The Hindu victims were killed by drowning or by using swords, the massacre was accompanied by the destruction of 1,000 temples in the district. |
Massacre at the Somnath Temple | 1024 | Prabhas Patan, Gujarat | >50,000 Hindus | After the slaughter, Mahmud of Ghazni proceeded to loot and destroy the Somnath temple. |
Massacre of Ajmer | 1193 | Ajmer, Rajasthan | 100,000 Hindus | By Muhammad of Ghor. |
Massacre of Gwalior | 1196 | Gwalior Fort | 100,000 Hindus | By Qutb al-Din Aibak. |
Massacre at Nalanda | 1197 | Nalanda district, Magadha | approximately 10,000 Buddhist monks and students | By Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji. |
Massacre of south Dehli | 1265 | South Dehli, | 100,000 Hindu Rajputs of Mewat | Almost all the Rajputs of Mewat were completely exterminated by Dehli Sultan Ghiyas ud din Balban during the massacre. |
Mass-killings by the Thuggee | 1290s–1870s | Indian subcontinent | 500,000–2,000,000 people | Roughly 600 years of this criminal operation was finally obsolete after suppressed by the British colonial authorities of India after the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people killed and robbed by the Thuggee. |
Massacre at Ranganathaswamy Temple | 1323 | Srirangam, Pandyan dynasty | 12,000 Hindus | 12,000 Hindus gathering at or around the temple were slaughtered by Muhammad bin Tughluq's soldiers. |
Mass killings in Bengal by Firuz Shah Tughlaq | 1353–13?? | Bengal | 180,000 Hindus | Firuz Shah paid for the 180,000 heads of Hindus massacred by his soldiers. |
Massacres around Vijayanagara | 1366 | districts surrounding Vijayanagara, | 500,000 Hindus | A total of 500,000 Hindus were massacred in all the districts surrounding Vijayanagara by the Bahmani Sultanate soldiers. In Raichur Doab alone, 70,000 Hindus regardless of age were massacred by the army of the Bahmani Sultanate, not even pregnant women were spared. The districts were turned to waste after they were destroyed. |
Timurid mass-killings in Haryana | 1398 | Haryana, | >4,500,000 Hindus | Timur himself admitted that every soldier in his army killed from 50 to 100 Hindu men, women and children in Haryana. As timur had a replenisable supply of 90,000 soldiers during the invasion, we can conclude that Timur's soldiers killed more than 4.5 million people in Haryana by using the minimum number of Hindus killed by each soldier multiplied by the Timur's average number of soldiers. |
Timurid massacre of Bhatner | 1398 | Bhatner fort, | unknown (the whole population of the fort) | The entire population living in the fort was killed by Timur's army after its capture. |
Timurid massacre of slaves | December 1398 | Loni, Ghaziabad, | 100,000 women and children slave captives | Before the battle of Delhi commenced, Timur ordered his soldiers kill the 100,000 captives they caught due to their incapability of supporting the large number of slaves. |
Timurid massacre of Dehli | 1398 | Dehli, | >150,000 Non-Muslims | In Timur's own words, "Excepting the quarters of the sayyids, the 'ulama and the other Musalmans (Muslims), the whole city was sacked". The skulls of the massacred victims were piled up to form pyramids in the city. After the massacre ended, the few remaining survivors either died of famine and disease or were enslaved. |
Timurid massacre of Meerut | 1399 | Meerut, | 300,000 Hindus | The massacre took place due to the people of Meerut beating one of Timur's soldiers to death for raping a Hindu woman. |
Masssacre of Khanwa | March 1527 | Khanwa, | 200,000 Hindus | 100,000 Rajput prisoners and another 100,000 innocent bystanders were massacred by Babur. |
Masssacre of Ghara | 1560 | Garha-Katanga Kingdom (now Narsinghpur district) | 48,000 Hindu peasants and Rajputs | Ordered by Emperor Akbar. |
Massacre of Vijayanagara | 1565 | Vijayanagara, | >100,000 Hindus | More than 100,000 civilians who didn't leave the city were all massacred by the soldiers of the Deccan sultanates. Besides this, widespread destruction of Hindu temples and buildings also took place in the city, destroying most of the large temple centres. |
Siege of Chittorgarh | February 1568 | Chittor Fort, | 30,000 | Akbar ordered the massacre of civilians for helping the fort's resistance. After 8,000 Rajputs were slain, every single one of their 8,000 wives committed suicide after they were going to being enslaved. |
Mass-killings of non-Muslims by Emperor Aurangzeb | Somewhere during 1618–1707 | Mughal Empire | 4.6 million people | The mass killings happened during the reign of Aurangzeb who ordered one of the strongest campaign of religious violence against non-Muslims in the Mughul Empire's history, with an estimated 4.6 million people massacred and killed. One such incident that took place was when Aruangzeb massacred 150,000 Brahmins and their families in Benares, Ganga ghat, Haridwar, etc. Aruangzeb later made a mountain of skulls of the Hindu Brahmins and their children which was visible from 10 miles away in certain places. |
Massacres during Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire | 1738–1740 | Northern India, | 300,000 people | Persian invaders massacre Indian civilians |
Massacres after the Battle of Panipat | 1761 | Panipat, Haryana, | 40,000-70,000 Maratha soldiers | About 22,000 Maratha women and young children enslaved by the Afghans |
Mangalore Christian massacre | 1784–1799 | Srirangapatna, | 5,600 Christians | Persecution of Mangalore Catholic Christians by Tippu Sultan |
Colonial India
Name/Place | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Goa Inquisition | 1560–1812 (252 years) | Goa, 23x15px Portuguese India | Tens of thousands of non-Catholic Goans | Wholesale massacres of Hindus, Muslims, non-Catholic Christians and Jews by Portuguese inquisitors, thousands of women were raped and 300 Hindu temples were destroyed. |
Massacres by General Neill | June–July 1857 | Allahabad, Kanpur and surrounding areas, 23x15px Company rule in India | Thousands of Indian mutineers, suspected rebels and civilians | The massacres at Allahabad took place before the Bibighar massacre; the ones at Kanpur after it |
Delhi Palace, peepal tree massacre | 16 May 1857 | Delhi, 23x15px Company rule in India | ~ 40 - 52 Europeans | Bahadur Shah's palace servants executed the European civilians captured in the previous day's riots. |
Siege of Cawnpore, | 5–25 June 1857 | Cawnpore, 23x15px Company rule in India | ~ 1,000 | Europeans soldiers, merchants, engineers, their wives and children, along with the East India Company sepoys, who were either Christian or refused to mutiny, and join Nana Sahib |
Satichaura Ghat massacre | 27 June 1857 | Kanpur, 23x15px Company rule in India | ~ 200 British officers | Massacre by Nana Sahib's forces |
Bibighar massacre | 15 July 1857 | Kanpur, 23x15px Company rule in India | ~ 200 British women and children | The victims were prisoners under Nana Sahib's forces. The massacre was carried out by a group of butchers, but who ordered it remains unclear. |
Massacres of Indians during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 | 1857–1859 | 23x15px Company rule in India | >100,000 to 10,000,000 Indians (mostly civilians) | Due to military orders and of widespread massacres and revenge killings of both Indian civilians and captured rebels. In Oudh alone, 150,000 Indians were killed of whom 100,000 were civilians. Places such as Dehli, Allahabad, Kanpur and Lucknow were met with general massacre after they were recaptured by British troops. |
Kuka (Namdhari) massacre at Malerkotla | 17–18 January 1872 | Malerkotla, Punjab, 23x15px British Raj | ~ 65 Kuka (Namdhari) Killed | Mr. Cowan (the Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana) and Mr. Forsyth (the Commissioner of Ambala) ordered the Namdharis to be blown away with guns, without any trial, on 17 and 18 January 1872 respectively. |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre | 13 April 1919 | Amritsar, Punjab, 23x15px British Raj | 379-381 dead, ~1,100 mostly Sikhs, some Muslims and Hindus injured | Reginald Edward Harry Dyer ordered a unit of the British Indian Army to open fire on a unarmed, nonviolent group of protesters, along with Baishakhi pilgrims. |
Moplah Rebellion | 1922 | Malabar, Kerala, 23x15px British Raj | 2,337-10,000 Hindus (1,00,000 Hindus permanently migrated). | Khilafat Movement considered as main cause. |
Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre | 23 April 1930 | Peshawar, 23x15px British Raj | 1 British Indian Army dispatch rider, and ~ 20 - 230 protesters | After a British Indian Army despatch rider was killed and burned in the Bizarre two armoured cars were ordered to drive in and open fire on the protesters. |
Culcutta Riots | 15 August – 17 September 1946 | West Bengal, 23x15px British Raj | 7,000 to 10,000 Hindus and Muslims. | Hindus and Muslims clashed during a protest by All India Muslim League |
Noakhali riots | September–October 1946 | East Bengal, 23x15px British Raj | 5,000 Hindus | By Muslims in reaction to Culcutta killings. Muslim community attacked Hindu community for wealth and forced conversion to Islam. Around 50,000 to 75,000 survivors were sheltered in temporary relief camps |
Bihar Massacre | 30 October – 7 November 1946 | Bihar, 23x15px British Raj | 2,000-30,000 Muslims | By Hindus in reaction to Noakhali riots |
Garhmukteshwar Anti-Muslim Violence | November 1946 | United Provinces, 23x15px British Raj | at least 214 Muslims | partition of the country into India and Pakistan loomed. |
Partition of India | 14–15 April 1947 | Punjab, Dehli and Sindh, 23x15px British Raj, Dominion of India and 23x15pxDominion of Pakistan | ~ 200,000 - 2,000,000 people | Massacre of Sikhs and Hindus by Muslims in West Punjab and of Muslims by Sikhs and Hindus in East Punjab. The communal violence resulted in the murder of 20,000-25,000 Muslims in Dehli by Hindus. UNHCR estimates 14 million were displaced by the violence. |
Independent India
Name/Place | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turkman gate demolition and rioting | 1976 | Delhi | officially 6, unofficially 150 killed by police (nearly all Muslims) | Killing of Delhi residents who refused to move residence. | |
Tumudibandh violence (part of the Murder of Swami Lakshmanananda) | August 2008 | Orissa | 5 Hindus | By Christian extremists | |
Tripura Tribal massacre (Part of Christian terrorism in Tripura) | 1999–2000 | Tripura | 20 tribal Hindus | Includes murder of tribal Hindu spiritual leader Shanti Kali, and Hindu religious leader Labh Kumar Jamatia. | |
Train Passenger massacre III (part of the 1991 Punjab killings) | December 1988 | Ludhiana, Punjab | 49 (mostly Hindus) | ||
Train Passenger massacre II (part of the 1991 Punjab killings) | 15 June 1988 | Ludhiana, Punjab | 80 (mostly Hindus) | ||
Train Passenger massacre I (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 23 February 1984 | Punjab | 11 Hindus | ||
Sopore massacre | 6 January 1993 | Sopore, Kashmir | 55 Kashmiri protesters | Firing on procession by Security Forces | |
Samjhauta Express Massacre | 18 February 2007 | Diwana station | 68 people mostly Pakistani nationals and some Indians including some Railway employees | ||
Rampur Tiraha firing case | 1–2 October 1994 | Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh | 6 Uttarakhand activists | Police fired to stop protesters to go to Delhi and some women were allegedly raped and molested in the ensuing melee. | |
Rajbah massacre (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 31 March 1988 | Punjab | 18 Hindus belonging to 1 family | ||
Rajbah massacre (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 31 March 1988 | Punjab | 18 Hindus belonging to 1 family | ||
Raghunath Hindu temple massacre II (part of 2002 Raghunath temple attacks) | 24 November 2002 | Jammu & Kashmir | 14 killed, 45 injured (mostly Hindu devotees) | terrorists groups | |
Raghunath Hindu temple massacre I (part of 2002 Raghunath temple attacks) | 30 March 2002 | Jammu & Kashmir | 11 Hindus killed, 20 injured (Hindu devotees) | Muslim Terrorist | |
Nellie massacre | 18 February 1983 | Assam | 2,191 Bengali Muslims | in Assam [59] | |
Naroda Patiya massacre (part of the 2002 Gujarat violence) | 28 February 2002 | Naroda, Ahmedabad | 97 Muslims | ||
Nanoor massacre | 27 July 2000 | West Bengal | 11 labourers | ||
Mumbai massacre | 26 November 2008 | Mumbai | 164+(11 Attacker) & (600+ Injuries) | 11 coordinated attacks by foreign terrorists; casualties include people of various nationalities, and Israeli victims were reportedly tortured before being killed.[citation needed] | |
Moradabad riots | 1980 | Uttar Pradesh | Officially 400; unofficial estimates as high as 2500. | Started as a Muslim-Police conflict; later turned into a Hindu-Muslim riot | |
Marichjhapi incident | January 31, 1979 | West Bengal | Official figures 2, Hindustan Times quotes 50 to 1000 Hindu refugees | Killing of refugees who came from East Pakistan | |
Marad Massacre | May 2003 | Kerala | 8 killed, 58 injured - A. | ||
Mandai massacre | 1980 | Tripura | 255-500 Bengali Hindu refugees | ||
Mallian massacre (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 29 March 1986 | Jalandhar, Punjab | 20 Hindu labourers | ||
Laxmanpur Bathe massacre | 1 December 1997 | Arwal district, Bihar | 58 people of the Dalit caste | Upper caste Ranvir Sena enter village at night and kill 58 Dalits, were sympathizers of the Maoists behind the killing of 37 upper caste men in Bara in Gaya district in 1992. | |
Kilvenmani massacre | 25 December 1968 | Nagapattinam Tamil Nadu | 44 Killed | agricultural workers vs landlord | |
Kandhamal riots | August 2008 | Orissa | 42 Christians | ||
Jagdev Kalan massacre (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 6 August 1987 | Punjab | 13 Hindus | ||
Hyderabad massacre of 1948 | 1948 | 23x15px Hyderabad State | 27000 - 40,000 (Official Estimate)
200,000 (Scholarly Estimate) Muslims killed. | Massacred by Hindus, and Indian army, as army and police unarmed Muslims in the state but let the Hindus keep their weapons after the Nizam was defeated. | |
Hondh-Chillar massacre (part of the 1984 anti-Sikh massacres) | 2 November 1984 | Hondh-Chillar, Haryana | 32 Sikhs | Rioting by Indian National Congress Party members after Assassination of Indira Gandhi. | |
Hazaribagh massacre | September 1989 | Hazaribag | 53 Hindus and 20 Muslims. | ||
Hashimpura massacre | 22 May 1987 | Meerut, Uttar Pradesh | 42 Muslims | ||
Gulbarg Society massacre (part of the 2002 Gujarat violence) | 28 February 2002 | Ahmedabad | 69 (mostly Muslims) | ||
Gourangatilla massacre | 2000 | Tripura | 16 non-tribal Hindus | By Christian extremist. Part of Christian terrorism in Tripura | |
Godhra massacre | 27 February 2002 | Godhra, Gujarat | 59 Hindus | Hindu passengers burnt alive in a train fire by radical Muslim mob. The commission set up by the Government of Gujarat to investigate the train burning spent 6 years going over the details of the case, and concluded that the fire was arson committed by a mob of 1000–2000 people. A court convicted 31 Muslims for the incident and the conspiracy for the crime. | |
Gawakadal massacre | 20 January 1990 | Srinagar, Kashmir | 50 Kashmiri protesters | Indian Forces opened fire on a group of Kashmiri protesters, while resorting to heavy stone pelting. | |
Desri Ground massacre (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 28 March 1986 | Ludhiana, Punjab | 13 Hindus | ||
Chittisinghpura massacre | 20 March 2000 | Chittisinghpura, Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir | 36 Sikhs | Islamic Terrorist groups | |
Bus Passenger massacre V (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | July 1987 | Fatehbad, Haryana | 80 Hindus | ||
Bus Passenger massacre IV (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 30 November 1986 | Khudda, Punjab | 24 Hindus | ||
Bus Passenger massacre III (part of the terrorist incidents in Punjab) | 25 July 1986 | Mukatsar, Punjab | 15 Hindus | ||
Bombay Riots | December 1992 – January 1993 | Mumbai | 575 Muslims, 275 Hindus, 45 unknown and 5 others | Hindu-Muslim communal riot as an effect of Demolition of Babri Masjid in Ayodhya | |
Bijbehara Massacre | October 22, 1993 | Bijbehara, Kashmir | 55 Kashmiri protestors | Indian armed forces fired upon unarmed Kashmiri protestors resulting in 55 civilian deaths. | |
Bhagalpur riots | October 1989 | Bhagalpur, Bihar | The total dead numbered around 1000, around 900 were Muslims; it was difficult to establish the religious identity of other victims. | Two false rumors about the killing of Hindu students started circulating: one rumor stated that nearly 200 Hindu university students had been killed by the Muslims, while another rumor stated that 31 Hindu boys had been murdered with their bodies dumped in a well at the Sanskrit College. | |
Bagber massacre | 20 May 2000 | Tripura | 25 non-tribal Hindus | By Christian extremist. Part of Christian terrorism in Tripura | |
Ayodhya police firing | October 30, 1990 | Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh | 16 Hindus (official figure) | Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav ordered the police to open fire on kar sevaks who reached Ayodhya and attempted to attack the Babri masjid. The dead bodies were allegedly thrown in Saryu river. | |
Anti-Brahmin riots of 1948 | January 1948 | Paschim Maharashtra | 500-2000
5000+ (Unofficial estimates) 600-900 (Estimate of injured persons) | Post the Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi on 30 January 1948, at the hands of Nathuram Godse, a Chitpavan Brahmin, there were heavy reprisals on the community by Congress supporters in notable regions of Western Maharashtra like Pune, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Ahmednagar, Solapur. Aspects of the violence included arson, looting of Brahmin households, assaults on Brahmins, the nature of which turned fatal in numerous instances. Allegedly, the Nehru administration swept the riots under the rug. | |
Akshardham Temple attack | 24 September 2002 | Gujarat | 29 killed, 79 injured (Hindus) | terrorists groups | |
2014 Saharanpur riots | 25 July 2014 | Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh | 3 killed and 33 injured | ||
2014 Meerut riots | 10 May 2014 | Meerut, Uttar Pradesh | 3 killed and 50 injured | ||
2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley | 25 May 2013 | Chhattisgarh | 28 | 28 people from a Congress Party motorcade | |
2013 Muzaffarnagar riots | 25 August 2013 – 17 September 2013 | Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh | 42 Muslims and 20 Hindus killed and 93 injured | Eve-teasing, murder of a Muslim boy, then public lynching of the murderers (two Hindu boys) triggered communal riot between the Jats & the Muslim community. | |
2012 Assam violence | July 2012 | Assam | 77 | Racial sentiments of the majority Assamese and Bodo community towards the local Bengali speaking Muslim community leads to several attempts to deport the minority Bengali Muslums to Bangladesh forcefully, thus with a protest in defence from the other party, Communal violence broke out between Assamese, Bodos (Tribal, Christian & Hindu faith) and Bengali speaking Muslims | |
2010 Dantewada bus bombing | 17 May 2010 | Chhattisgarh | 76 | Maoist terrorist attacked civilian bus | |
2006 Varanasi bombings | March 2006 | Uttar Pradesh | 28 killed, 101 injured -Devotees of Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple targeted | Terrorist attack Hindu temple. | |
2006 Doda massacre | 30 April 2006 | Jammu & Kashmir | 35 Hindus | terrorists | |
2003 Nadimarg Massacre | 23 March 2002 | Jammu and Kashmir | 24 Hindus | terrorists groups | |
2002 Qasim Nagar massacre | 13 July 2002 | Jammu and Kashmir | 29 Hindus | Terror Attack | |
2002 Kaluchak massacre | 14 May 2002 | Jammu and Kashmir | 31 | terrorists groups attack Tourist bus and Army's family quarter attacked. | |
2002 Gujarat Violence | 28 February 2002 | Ahmedabad | 2,044 people were killed (1254 Muslims and 790 Hindus), 2,500 injured. | Communal Violence | |
2001 Kishtwar massacre | 3 August 2001 | Jammu and Kashmir | 19 Hindus | Muslim Terrorist groups | |
2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre | 1 August 2000 | Jammu and Kashmir | 30 (Hindu pilgrims) | Muslim Terrorist groups | |
1998 Wandhama massacre | 25 January 1998 | Wandhama, Jammu and Kashmir | 23 Kashmiri Pandit | Unknown gunmen | |
1998 Prankote massacre | 17 April 1998 | Jammu and Kashmir | 26 Hindus | ||
1998 Chapnari massacre | 19 June 1998 | Chapnari, Jammu and Kashmir | 25 Hindus | Muslim Terrorist groups | |
1998 Chamba massacre | 3 August 1998 | Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh | 35 Hindus | Communal Riots | |
1997 Ramabai killings | 11 July 1997 | Ramabai colony, Mumbai | 10 people of the Dalit caste | A team of State Reserve Police Force members fired upon a crowd protesting the recent desecration of a statue of Dalit activist B. R. Ambedkar. | |
1991 Anti-Tamil violence of Karnataka | 12–13 December 1991 | Mainly Bangalore, Mysore but also other parts of southern Karnataka | 18 Tamils | Response to anti-Kannada activities by Tamils in Bengaluru Nagara district. | |
1990 Kashmiri Pandit genocide | 1990s | Kashmir | 219-399 Hindus | 140,000 to 192,000 Hindus were forced to abandon their ancestral land. | |
1984 anti-Sikh riots | 31 October – 4 November 1984 | Primarily Delhi but also other parts of India | 2,800 to 8,000 Sikhs all over India | Series of pogroms by Congress supporters after Assassination of Indira Gandhi | |
1969 Gujarat riots | 1969 | Gujarat | 660 | Hindu-Muslim riots; 430 Muslims |
References:
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol. 3, p 167, p 168, p 169, p 170, p 172-73
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol. 4, p 99
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol. 5, p 2-5, p 5-22, p 54, p 61, p 71, p 78, p 93, p 11, p 112, p 120, p 121, p 123-124, p 188
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol.6, p 15-16, p 23-25, p29, p 33-36, p 63, p 76-77, p 92-93, p 162-166, p 252
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol.7, p 36-37, p 235, p 321, p 322-323, p 334, p 414-415, p 460,
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol.8, p 93, p 123-125, p 127
R C Majumdar : The History and Culture of Indian People; Vol.11, p 360-361, p 436, p 748.
1971 Bengali Hindu Genocide – Hindu American
THE PLIGHTS OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES AND THE RISE OF ISLAMIC EXTREMISM IN BANGLADESH – Feb 02, 2003, Asia Pacific Media Services
NOAKHALI MASSACRE OF 1946 – 5000 HINDUS KILLED, 3.5L FORCED TO CONVERT TO ISLAM – Feb 25, 2019, Hindu Genocide
The Bengali Famine – Winston Churchill
SEVENTH EXODUS OF KASHMIRI HINDUS – 6L HINDUS ESTRANGED OVERNIGHT – Feb 26, 2019, Hindu Genocide
The Holocaust – Wikipedia
Why Attacks on Hindus, Hinduism & Hindustan Increased Recently? – Jun 01, 2020, Nath Purnima
List of Education Ministers of India – Jan 13, 2021, Your Education Portal
5 facts about Buddhists around the world – Apr 05, 2019, Pew Research
World Religions Ranking – Population Growth by Religion (1800-2100) – Nov 16, 2019, Grain of Truth
Which are the world’s biggest religions? – Apr 06, 2017, We Forum
Hindu Countries 2021 – World Population Review
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